Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 18 de 18
Filter
1.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 43: 23-31, Jan. 2020. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1087514

ABSTRACT

Background: Hong Qu glutinous rice wine (HQGRW) is brewed under non-aseptic fermentation conditions, so it usually has a relatively high total acid content. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of the bacterial communities and total acid during the fermentation of HQGRW and elucidate the correlation between total acid and bacterial communities. Results: The results showed that the period of rapid acid increase during fermentation occurred at the early stage of fermentation. There was a negative response between total acid increase and the rate of increase in alcohol during the early fermentation stage. Bacterial community analysis using high-throughput sequencing technology was found that the dominant bacterial communities changed during the traditional fermentation of HQGRW. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that there was a great difference between the bacterial communities of Hong Qu starter and those identified during the fermentation process. Furthermore, the key bacteria likely to be associated with total acid were identified by Spearman's correlation analysis. Lactobacillus, unclassified Lactobacillaceae, and Pediococcus were found, which can make significant contributions to the total acid development (| r| N 0.6 with FDR adjusted P b 0.05), establishing that these bacteria can associate closely with the total acid of rice wine. Conclusions: This was the first study to investigate the correlation between bacterial communities and total acid during the fermentation of HQGRW. These findings may be helpful in the development of a set of fermentation techniques for controlling total acid.


Subject(s)
Bacteria/isolation & purification , Wine/microbiology , Pediococcus/isolation & purification , Pediococcus/genetics , Pediococcus/metabolism , Time Factors , Acetobacter/isolation & purification , Acetobacter/genetics , Acetobacter/metabolism , Cluster Analysis , Sequence Analysis , Computational Biology , Principal Component Analysis , Fermentation , Microbiota , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lactobacillus/isolation & purification , Lactobacillus/genetics , Lactobacillus/metabolism
2.
Biol. Res ; 53: 02, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089077

ABSTRACT

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been considered for more than 20 years as a premier model organ- ism for biological sciences, also being the main microorganism used in wide industrial applications, like alcoholic fermentation in the winemaking process. Grape juice is a challenging environment for S. cerevisiae , with nitrogen deficiencies impairing fermentation rate and yeast biomass production, causing stuck or sluggish fermentations, thus generating sizeable economic losses for wine industry. In the present review, we summarize some recent efforts in the search of causative genes that account for yeast adaptation to low nitrogen environments, specially focused in wine fermentation conditions. We start presenting a brief perspective of yeast nitrogen utilization under wine fermentative conditions, highlighting yeast preference for some nitrogen sources above others. Then, we give an outlook of S. cerevisiae genetic diversity studies, paying special attention to efforts in genome sequencing for population structure determination and presenting QTL mapping as a powerful tool for phenotype-genotype correlations. Finally, we do a recapitulation of S. cerevisiae natural diversity related to low nitrogen adaptation, specially showing how different studies have left in evidence the central role of the TORC1 signalling pathway in nitrogen utilization and positioned wild S. cerevisiae strains as a reservoir of beneficial alleles with potential industrial applications (e.g. improvement of industrial yeasts for wine production). More studies focused in disentangling the genetic bases of S. cerevisiae adaptation in wine fermentation will be key to determine the domestication effects over low nitrogen adaptation, as well as to definitely proof that wild S. cerevisiae strains have potential genetic determinants for better adaptation to low nitrogen conditions.


Subject(s)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Wine/microbiology , Adaptation, Physiological , Vitis/metabolism , Fermentation , Nitrogen/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/growth & development , Vitis/microbiology
3.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 38: 10-18, Mar. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1051447

ABSTRACT

Malolactic fermentation (MLF) is a process in winemaking responsible for the conversion of L-malic acid to L-lactic acid and CO2, which reduces the total acidity, improves the biological stability, and modifies the aroma profile of wine. MLF takes place during or after alcoholic fermentation and is carried out by one or more species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are either present in grapes and cellars or inoculated with malolactic starters during the winemaking process. Although the main bacterium among LAB used in commercial starter cultures for MLF has traditionally been Oenococcus oeni, in the last decade, Lactobacillus plantarum has also been reported as a malolactic starter, and many works have shown that this species can survive and even grow under harsh conditions of wine (i.e., high ethanol content and low pH values). Furthermore, it has been proved that some strains of L. plantarum are able to conduct MLF just as efficiently as O. oeni. In addition, L. plantarum exhibits a more diverse enzymatic profile than O. oeni, which could play an important role in the modification of the wine aroma profile. This enzymatic diversity allows obtaining several starter cultures composed of different L. plantarum biotypes, which could result in distinctive wines. In this context, this review focuses on showing the relevance of L. plantarum as a MLF starter culture in winemaking.


Subject(s)
Wine/microbiology , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolism , Fermentation , Malates/metabolism , Vitis/microbiology , Odorants
4.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 47(2): 452-460, Apr.-June 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-780816

ABSTRACT

Abstract A high concentration of histamine, one of the biogenic amines (BAs) usually found in fermented foods, can cause undesirable physiological side effects in sensitive humans. The objective of this study is to isolate indigenous Acetobacter strains from naturally fermented Bokbunja vinegar in Korea with reduced histamine production during starter fermentation. Further, we examined its physiological and biochemical properties, including BA synthesis. The obtained strain MBA-77, identified as Acetobacter aceti by 16S rDNA homology and biochemical analysis and named A. aceti MBA-77. A. aceti MBA-77 showed optimal acidity % production at pH 5; the optimal temperature was 25 °C. When we prepared and examined the BAs synthesis spectrum during the fermentation process, Bokbunja wine fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that the histamine concentration increased from 2.72 of Bokbunja extract to 5.29 mg/L and cadaverine and dopamine was decreased to 2.6 and 10.12 mg/L, respectively. Bokbunja vinegar prepared by A. aceti MBA-77 as the starter, the histamine concentration of the vinegar preparation step was decreased up to 3.66 mg/L from 5.29 mg/L in the wine preparation step. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate acetic acid bacteria isolated from Bokbunja seed vinegar with low spectrum BA and would be useful for wellbeing vinegar preparation.


Subject(s)
Wine/analysis , Biogenic Amines/analysis , Acetobacter/metabolism , Histamine/metabolism , Rubus/microbiology , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Wine/microbiology , Acetobacter/isolation & purification , Acetobacter/genetics , Histamine/analysis , Acetic Acid/analysis , Acetic Acid/metabolism , Fermentation , Rubus/metabolism , Food Microbiology
5.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 46(3): 815-823, July-Sept. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755801

ABSTRACT

Pectinolytic enzymes are greatly important in winemaking due to their ability to degrade pectic polymers from grape, contributing to enhance process efficiency and wine quality. This study aimed to analyze the occurrence of pectinolytic yeasts during spontaneous fermentation of Argentine Bonarda grape, to select yeasts that produce extracellular pectinases and to characterize their pectinolytic activity under wine-like conditions. Isolated yeasts were grouped using PCR-DGGE and identified by partial sequencing of 26S rRNA gene. Isolates comprised 7 genera, with Aureobasidium pullulans as the most predominant pectinolytic species, followed by Rhodotorula dairenensis and Cryptococcus saitoi. No pectinolytic activity was detected among ascomycetous yeasts isolated on grapes and during fermentation, suggesting a low occurrence of pectinolytic yeast species in wine fermentation ecosystem. This is the first study reporting R. dairenensis and Cr. saitoi species with pectinolytic activity. R. dairenensis GM-15 produced pectinases that proved to be highly active at grape pH, at 12 °C, and under ethanol and SO2 concentrations usually found in vinifications (pectinase activity around 1.1 U/mL). This strain also produced cellulase activity at 12 °C and pH 3.5, but did not produce β-glucosidase activity under these conditions. The strain showed encouraging enological properties for its potential use in low-temperature winemaking.

.


Subject(s)
Ascomycota/enzymology , Cryptococcus/enzymology , Polygalacturonase/metabolism , Rhodotorula/enzymology , Vitis/microbiology , Wine/microbiology , Argentina , Ascomycota/isolation & purification , Cryptococcus/isolation & purification , Fermentation/physiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Typing , Mycological Typing Techniques , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pectins/metabolism , RNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Rhodotorula/isolation & purification
6.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 17(4): 150-155, July 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-719105

ABSTRACT

Background Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main microorganism responsible for alcoholic fermentation. In this process, the consumption of nitrogen is of great importance since it is found in limiting quantities and its deficiency produces sluggish and/or stuck fermentations generating large economic losses in the wine-making industry. In a previous work we compared the transcriptional profiles between genetically related strains with differences in nitrogen consumption, detecting genes with differential expression that could be associated to the differences in the levels of nitrogen consumed. One of the genes identified was ICY1. With the aim of confirming this observation, in the present work we evaluated the consumption of ammonium during the fermentation of strains that have deleted or overexpressed this gene. Results Our results confirm the effect of ICY1 on nitrogen uptake by evaluating its expression in wine yeasts during the first stages of fermentation under low (MS60) and normal (MS300) assimilable nitrogen. Our results show that the mRNA levels of ICY1 diminish when the amount of assimilable nitrogen is low. Furthermore, we constructed strains derived from the industrial strain EC1118 as a null mutant in this gene as well as one that overexpressed it. Conclusions Our results suggest that the expression of ICY1 is regulated by the amount of nitrogen available in the must and it is involved in the consumption of ammonium, given the increase in the consumption of this nitrogen source observed in the null mutant strain.


Subject(s)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics , Wine/microbiology , Yeasts/genetics , Fermentation , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Yeasts/metabolism , Gene Expression , Cloning, Molecular , Gene Deletion , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Nitrogen
7.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 45(1): 59-66, 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709479

ABSTRACT

Interactions between yeasts and lactic acid bacteria are strain specific, and their outcome is expected to change in simultaneous alcoholic -malolactic fermentations from the pattern observed in successive fermentations. One Oenococcus oeni strain Lalvin VP41TM was inoculated with two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains either simultaneously, three days after the yeast inoculation, or when alcoholic fermentation was close to finish. Early bacterial inoculations with each yeast strain allowed for the growth of the bacterial populations, and the length of malolactic fermentation was reduced to six days. Alcoholic fermentation by Lalvin ICV D80® yeast strain left the highest residual sugar, suggesting a negative effect of the bacterial growth and malolactic activity on its performance. In sequential inoculations the bacterial populations did not show actual growth with either yeast strain. In this strategy, both yeast strains finished the alcoholic fermentations, and malolactic fermentations took longer to finish. Lalvin ICV D80® allowed for higher viability and activity of the bacterial strain than Fermicru UY4® under the three inoculation strategies. This was beneficial for the sequential completion of both fermentations, but negatively affected the completion of alcoholic fermentation by Lalvin ICV D80® in the early bacteria additions. Conversely, Fermicru UY4®, which was rather inhibitory towards the bacteria, favored the timely completion of both fermentations simultaneously. As bacteria in early inoculations with low or no SO2 addition can be expected to multiply and interact with fermenting yeasts, not only are the yeast-bacterium strains combination and time point of the inoculation to be considered, but also the amount of bacteria inoculated.


Subject(s)
Oenococcus/growth & development , Oenococcus/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/growth & development , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Vitis/microbiology , Wine/microbiology , Fermentation
8.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 42(4): 298-306, oct.-dic. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-634669

ABSTRACT

A new optimized semiquantitative yeast killer assay is reported for the first time. The killer activity of 36 yeast isolates belonging to three species, namely, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Wickerhamomyces anomala and Torulaspora delbrueckii, was tested with a view to potentially using these yeasts as biocontrol agents against the wine spoilage species Pichia guilliermondii and Pichia membranifaciens. The effectiveness of the classical streak-based (qualitative method) and the new semiquantitative techniques was compared. The percentage of yeasts showing killer activity was found to be higher by the semiquantitative technique (60%) than by the qualitative method (45%). In all cases, the addition of 1% NaCl into the medium allowed a better observation of the killer phenomenon. Important differences were observed in the killer capacity of different isolates belonging to a same killer species. The broadest spectrum of action was detected in isolates of W. anomala NPCC 1023 and 1025, and M. pulcherrima NPCC 1009 and 1013. We also brought experimental evidence supporting the importance of the adequate selection of the sensitive isolate to be used in killer evaluation. The new semiquantitative method proposed in this work enables to visualize the relationship between the number of yeasts tested and the growth of the inhibition halo (specific productivity). Hence, this experimental approach could become an interesting tool to be taken into account for killer yeast selection protocols.


En este trabajo se presenta un nuevo ensayo semicuantitativo que optimiza la detección de actividad killer en levaduras. Se evaluó la actividad killer de 36 cepas pertenecientes a las especies Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Wickerhamomyces anomala y Torulaspora delbrueckii, en vista del potencial uso de estas levaduras como agentes de biocontrol frente a las especies contaminantes de vinos Pichia guilliermondii y Pichia membranifaciens. Se comparó la efectividad de la técnica clásica basada en estrías (método cualitativo) con la del nuevo método semicuantitativo. El porcentaje de levaduras que mostraron actividad killer fue más alto cuando se utilizó el método semicuantitativo (60%) que con el método cualitativo (45%). En todos los casos, el agregado de 1% de NaCl en el medio permitió una mejor observación del fenómeno killer. Se observaron importantes diferencias en la capacidad killer de diferentes cepas dentro de la misma especie. Se detectaron dos cepas de W. anomala (NPCC 1023 y 1025) y dos cepas de M. pulcherrima (NPCC 1009 y 1013) con un amplio espectro de acción, ya que fueron capaces de inhibir el desarrollo de las tres levaduras sensibles evaluadas. La evidencia experimental demuestra la importancia de una adecuada selección de la cepa sensible al evaluar la actividad killer. El nuevo método semicuantitativo propuesto en este trabajo permite visualizar la relación entre el número de levaduras sembradas y el halo de inhibición del crecimiento (productividad específica). En conclusión, este método resulta una herramienta interesante para ser tenida en cuenta en los protocolos de selección de levaduras killer.


Subject(s)
Culture Media/pharmacology , Industrial Microbiology/methods , Killer Factors, Yeast/analysis , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Mycology/methods , Wine/microbiology , Yeasts/isolation & purification , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fermentation , Pest Control, Biological , Salt Tolerance , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology , Yeasts/drug effects , Yeasts/metabolism
9.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 41(3): 177-184, jul.-sep. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-634633

ABSTRACT

Yeasts belonging to the genus Dekkera/Brettanomyces, especially the species Dekkera bruxellensis, have long been associated with the production of volatile phenols responsible for off-flavour in wines. According to recent reports, the species Pichia guilliermondii could also produce these compounds at the initial stages of fermentation. Based on the abundance of P. guilliermondii in Patagonian winemaking, we decided to study the relevance of indigenous isolates belonging to this species as wine spoilage yeast. Twenty-three indigenous isolates obtained from grape surfaces and red wine musts were analyzed in their capacity to produce volatile phenols on grape must. The relationship between molecular Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and physiological (killer biotype) patterns detected in indigenous populations of P. guilliermondii and volatile phenol production was also evaluated. Different production levels of 4-ethylphenol, 4-vinylguaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol were detected among the isolates; however, the values were always lower than those produced by the D. bruxellensis reference strain in the same conditions. High levels of 4-vinylphenol were detected among P. guilliermondii indigenous isolates. The combined use of RAPD and killer biotype allowed us to identify the isolates producing the highest volatile phenol levels.


Las levaduras del género Dekkera/Brettanomyces, sobre todo la especie Dekkera bruxellensis, siempre han sido asociadas con la producción de fenoles volátiles responsables de aromas desagradables en los vinos. Recientemente, se ha demostrado que la especie Pichia guilliermondii también es capaz de producir estos compuestos, particularmente durante las etapas iniciales de la fermentación. Dada la abundancia de P. guilliermondii en las bodegas de la Patagonia, se decidió evaluar la importancia de algunos aislamientos indígenas de esta especie como levaduras alterantes de vinos regionales. Se evaluó la capacidad de producir fenoles volátiles en ensayos sobre mosto de 23 aislamientos de P. guilliermondii provenientes de superficie de uvas y de mostos de fermentación de vinos tintos. Asimismo, se analizó la relación entre los patrones moleculares (RAPD) y fisiológicos (biotipo killer) de estos aislamientos y la producción de fenoles volátiles. Se detectaron diferentes niveles de producción de 4-etilfenol, 4-vinilguayacol y 4-etilguayacol entre los aislamientos de P. guilliermondii analizados; sin embargo, los valores obtenidos fueron en todos los casos inferiores a los producidos por D. bruxellensis cepa de referencia en las mismas condiciones. En general, se detectaron altos niveles de 4-vinilfenol en los mostos fermentados con los aislamientos indígenas de P. guilliermondii. El uso combinado de RAPD-PCR y el biotipo killer permitió identificar los aislamientos que producen los niveles más altos de fenoles volátiles.


Subject(s)
Phenols/analysis , Pichia/isolation & purification , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis , Wine/microbiology , Argentina , Dekkera/metabolism , Fermentation , Guaiacol/analysis , Guaiacol/analogs & derivatives , Killer Factors, Yeast/pharmacology , Mycological Typing Techniques , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pichia/drug effects , Pichia/genetics , Pichia/metabolism , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique , Vitis/microbiology , Wine/analysis
10.
Biofarbo ; 14(14): 43-50, dic. 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-507170

ABSTRACT

Se implementó la técnica de microinjerto in vitro de meristemos apicales de dos variedades productoras de vid, además trata de la importancia del cultivo de la vid en Bolivia tomando en cuenta la calidad de los viñedos.


Subject(s)
Fruit , Wine/analysis , Wine/microbiology , Vitis/classification
11.
Cienc. Trab ; 7(17): A49-A49, jul.-sept. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-420778
12.
Cienc. Trab ; 7(17): 88-92, jul.-sept. 2005. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-420779

ABSTRACT

El proceso de vinificación a escala industrial, requiere del control sobre una serie de parámetros, cuya función es favorecer el desarrollo secuencial de fermentaciones de tipo alcohólica y maloláctica. En este contexto, uno de los puntos importantes, dentro del proceso, es asegurar que la actividad microbiológica sea desarrollada efectivamente por la población bacteriana de interés y que las propiedades organolépticas del mosto se mantengan en el tiempo. En este sentido la industria vinícola hace uso del anhídrido sulfuroso, como agente antioxidante y de control microbiológico, para cuya función debe lograr una concentración en cubas en el rango entre 28±1 ppm. Concentración que es lograda, mediante la adición de alícuotas de una solución madre de concentración 5 por ciento de metabisulfito, HSO3-. Acción que normalmente es desarrollada en forma manual, ya sea por adición directa de volúmenes mayores a cubas de maduración o mediante el uso de cucharones para el trasvasije a barricas en Salas de Maduración. El presente trabajo considera el análisis del riesgo asociado al uso de anhídrido sulfuroso gaseoso y los medios de control ingenieril necesarios al momento de seleccionar e implementar tecnología que impida el contacto directo con el trabajador.


Subject(s)
Humans , Accident Prevention , Alcohol Industry , Antioxidants , Anhydrides/poisoning , Occupational Health , Occupational Risks , Wine/microbiology , Chile
13.
Cienc. Trab ; 7(17): 93-96, jul.-sept. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-420780

ABSTRACT

Uno de los avances de la enología moderna es el reconocimiento de la importancia de la levadura como un agente imprescindible para la adecuada obtención de vino. El proceso de fermentación es dinámico y existe un recambio de especies de levaduras desde el principio al final de la fermentación. Sin embargo, una de ellas, Brettanomyces, puede contaminar los caldos, alterando las cualidades aromáticas y de sabor del vino, provocando en algunos casos la pérdida del producto vinificado.Además de una importante pérdida económica, cifras extraoficiales indican que hasta un 5 por ciento de la producción nacional se pierde cada año producto de este hongo; el monto en pérdidas, sólo en vino embotellado, podría llegar a los US$30.000.000. La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR, Polimerase chain reaction) puede ser utilizada para detectar diminutas cantidades de ADN de un microorganismo. Esta técnica permite detectar este contaminante en no más de 24 horas, presenta una alta sensibilidad, necesitándose una cantidad ínfima de microorganismos en la muestra (1-100) levaduras por mL. El diagnóstico oportuno de la contaminación de los vinos por esta levadura permitiría adoptar medidas que controlen la proliferación de este contaminante, reduciendo las pérdidas del producto.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Industry , Yeasts/isolation & purification , Yeasts/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Wine/microbiology , Chile
14.
Cienc. Trab ; 7(17): 97-103, jul.-sept. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-420781

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años se ha observado un fuerte aumento en la producción y comercialización del vino, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Diversos factores que involucran estos procesos se han desarrollado a la par de este fenómeno y, a su vez, han influenciado al mismo. Entre éstos se encuentran la investigación aplicada y el avance biotecnológico que, de la mano del apoyo gubernamental y de organizaciones internacionales, han revertido la escasa investigación de los años anteriores. Otro factor relevante es la tendencia a la estandarización de procesos y de tecnologías de gestión de calidad y medioambiental, en la cual se han involucrado diferentes organizaciones internacionales, tales como la Organización Internacional del Vino, la Organización Internacional de Estandarización (ISO) y el Codex Alimentarius (FAO-OMS). En este artículo se revisa el grado y las características de la investigación aplicada en esta Industria, la relación de ésta con el desarrollo tecnológico, con los sistemas de gestión de calidad, con la protección medioambiental y la estandarización internacional de los procesos. De igual modo, se describe el nivel de exigencia de algunos mercados importantes para el país, como es la Comunidad Europea y las posibilidades de incorporar modernos sistemas estándares de calidad e inocuidad que permitan enfrentar de mejor forma los desafíos del sector.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Industry , Biotechnology , Wine/microbiology , Chile , Quality Control
15.
Cienc. Trab ; 7(17): 104-109, jul.-sept. 2005. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-420782

ABSTRACT

El compromiso firme de una empresa para proteger la salud y la seguridad de sus empleados, la calidad de sus productos y el medio ambiente, es un factor que la distingue en un mercado competitivo. Un Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud Laboral, de Calidad y Ambiental certificado demuestra la decisión de salvaguardar a los empleados y al medio ambiente de incidentes perjudiciales, así como de prevenir riesgos en la calidad de los productos que dañe o decepcione a los clientes. El esfuerzo, los sinsabores, los logros vividos en estos años implementando normas internacionales, nos han mostrado nuestras debilidades y fortalezas, tanto desde el punto de vista del funcionamiento al interior de nuestra empresa como desde el punto de vista de la infraestructura y cultura de proveedores externos o empresas de servicio. Pese a ello, nuestra visión final es que sí es posible alcanzar la meta aunque, claramente, nuestro recorrido ha sido mucho más dificultoso del que tendrán las empresas en el futuro.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Industry , Environmental Management , Total Quality Management , Occupational Health , Quality Control , Security Measures , Wine/microbiology , Chile
16.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 37(2): 73-77, Apr.-June 2005. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634491

ABSTRACT

La composición química del vino constituye el fundamento de la posterior respuesta sensorial del producto y está determinada por varios factores, como las relaciones levadura-levadura. Se denomina fenómeno killer a la secreción por parte de ciertas cepas de levadura de una proteína tóxica que mata a células denominadas sensibles. El conocimiento del comportamiento en condición aeróbica de cultivos mixtos killer-sensible es útil para relacionarlo con la primera fase de la fermentación enológica, ya que en ella puede definirse la prevalencia o no de la cepa killer. Además, el empleo de mutantes con el plásmido curado permite comparaciones más precisas. El objetivo fue analizar el mecanismo de competencia por sustrato en levaduras killer de Saccharomyces cerevisiae y su mutante sensible con el plásmido curado, empleando distintas fuentes de nitrógeno. Si las muestras se incuban a temperatura de inactivación de la toxina, se evita la infraestimación de células sensibles. Los resultados del co-cultivo de las cepas en proporciones iguales muestran el rol desempeñado por la fuente de nitrógeno en la actividad killer. Cuando el inóculo es 10%K-90%S, el modelo de exclusión competitiva planteado para levaduras killer deja paso a otras variables de competencia.


Wine chemical composition is the outcome of complex chemosensory interactions that are difficult to predict because of the influences of many variables, like as yeast-yeast interactions. Killer phenomenon implicates the secretion of a toxic protein by some yeasts, that kill other yeasts called sensitive. The knowledge of the behaviour of killer-sensitive mixed cultures in aerobic conditions is useful to be related with the first stages of oenological fermentation. In these stages it can be defined the killer prevalence in the medium. Also, the use of cured plasmid mutants allows better comparisons. The objective was to analyse the mechanism of substrate competition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae killer strains and its sensitive cured plasmid mutant, using different nitrogen sources. When samples were incubated at the toxin inactivation temperature, the infraestimation of sensitive cells is avoided. Results obtained in co-cultures (50%K-50%S) show the role of the nitrogen source in killer activity. Results obtained with 10%K-90%S inoculum, show that there are another competence variables than the competitive exclusion model for killer yeasts.


Subject(s)
Culture Media/pharmacology , Nitrogen/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/physiology , Aerobiosis , Bioreactors , Coculture Techniques , Fermentation , Killer Factors, Yeast , Mycology/methods , Proteins/genetics , Proteins , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/classification , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/growth & development , Temperature , Wine/microbiology
17.
Bol. micol ; 14(1/2): 57-65, 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-255768

ABSTRACT

Se aislaron cepas vínicas nativas de uvas procedentes del valle de Casablanca, región productora de vinos de calidad, mediante fermentación natural del mosto en presencia de metabisulfito de potasio como agente selectivo. Los análisis morfológicos y fisiológicos realizados, a partir de colonias aisladas obtenidas del mosto al término del proceso de fermentación, permitieron establecer que, aproximadamente, un 90 porciento de ellas correspondían a cepas de levaduras ascosporógenas de saccharomyces cerevisiae. Además, al determinar el fenotipo "killer" de estas cepas, se encontró que un 40 porciento de ellas eran productoras de toxina "killer". Las evaluaciones enológicas practicadas a un subconjunto de estas cepas, presentaron propiedades similares a cepas vínicas comerciales de s. cerevisiae. La caracterización molecular de éstas, mediante electroforesis de campo pulsado, permitió establecer la presencia de, al menos, cuatro diferentes cariotipos electroforéticos, con un tamaño estimado del genoma nuclear entre los 13.000 a los 21.000 kb


Subject(s)
Crop Production/microbiology , Rosales/microbiology , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/isolation & purification , Wine/analysis , Chile , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/pathogenicity , Wine/microbiology
18.
Lima; s.n; 1985. 69 p. tab, graf. (T-3243).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-186947

ABSTRACT

Con el fin de averiguar el grado de toxicidad de las bebidas alcohólicas no destiladas, debido a su elevado consumo, se ha realizado la determinación de metanol y alcoholes superiores (aceite de fusel)en vinos. Los compuestos químicos determinados como impurezas, son altamente tóxicos para el organismo, causan degeneración de las células o provocan deficiencias orgánicas, especialmente a nivel ocular, SNC y hepático, durante su metabolismo. La identificación de metanol se realizó por el método de microdifusión de Milton Felstein y Miels Klendshoj, la determinación de los alcoholes superiores por el método de la Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Malytical Chemist (A.O.A.C). Se encontraron en los vinos, concentraciones de 8mg 116mg por litro de metanol y para los alcoholes superiores de 16mg por ciento o 131mg por ciento. Dichos valores están por debajo de los límites de toxicidad establecidos por el Código Latinoamericano de Alimentos, para las bebidas alcohólicas.


Subject(s)
Methanol , Wine/analysis , Wine/classification , Wine/microbiology , Wine/toxicity , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Drug Industry
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL